Cette putain de guerre du Vietnam, on l’oubliera un jour ?

Le 07 février 2024 à 23:58:08 :

Le 07 février 2024 à 23:54:33 :

Je n'oublierai jamais quand Stefan est rentré dans le tunnel, il n'en est jamais sorti

On l'a retrouvé aplati entre deux plaques de piques barbelés

Enculés de Vietcongs et leurs pièges

Des dizaines de mes camarades morts, et tout ça pourquoi? Pour la colline 937?

Dieu seul sait pourquoi

Brigadier General Salve H Matheson said : " he biggest problem in fighting the enemy in Vietnam is finding him in order to fight him. " American planners could have used as precedent the futility of using such metrics as body counts and firepower tonnage of bombs to measure success in war. Of course even before the end of the war American planners knew that bombing wouldn't win the war. Defense secretary Clark Clifford admitted as much in 1969 that bombing by itself would not stop the war. We had already dropped a heavier tonnage of bombs than in all the theaters of World War II during 1967. An estimated 90 000 North Vietnamese had infiltrated into South Vietnam. In the opening of 1968, infiltrators were coming in at three to four times the rate of a year earlierDespite the ferocity and intensity of our bombing campaign, heavy firepower continued to be the grand strategy for all future American wars. The success of which would vary between ambiguous and outright catastrophic. Iraq and Afghanistan are no exception. Irak proved to have a boundless will to resist. And despite clobbering the country with unrelenting Firepower the Iraqis were never subdued. The Americans goals were never met and the Iraq Fiasco proved to be a massive and costly failure.The cleverness of the Iraqis also knew no bounds who had no Army to speak of by April of 2003 no Navy No Air Force no helicopters and by arming themselves with simple assault rifles machine guns rockets and mortars and by utilizing scraps of metal and electronics, they were able to outfit themselves into a formidable Force against all the odds stacked against them. Iraq was guerrilla War as was Vietnam In Robert B. Asprey's Mammoth history of Guerrilla warfare the author describes the mentality that the Americans were operating from
" Not understanding basic tenets of Guerrilla warfare American Senior officers converted fatalities into victories. This was a great mistake. Dead bodies do not mean destroyed infrastructure. Dead bodies particularly those of innocent peasants mean a strengthening not a weakening of the Insurgent cause. The colonial enemy of the Iraqis were the British in Vietnam the French. In their pacification campaign the French arrested nationalist leaders and executed them via Guillotine even displaying their severed heads publicly to terrorize would be revolutionaries. Many were imprisoned and shipped off to kundao a prison that would be maintained through the American occupation and would come to have a brutal reputation . Those imprisoned at kundao would form the early foundation of the Communist revolutionary movement and included multiple future Prime Ministers. When the United States took over from the French in 1954, they as had happened in Iraq nearly 50 years later would make a series of blunderous errors that by all means created a guerrilla Army that took up arms to fight them. After the French were defeated on the battlefield a Geneva conference split Vietnam in two and created the country of South Vietnam. It is no exaggeration to say that the country of South Vietnam was a creation of the United States. The U. S would even hand pick an exile named no denzim and import him directly from the United States. Despite the Geneva conference's guidelines for a national election to be held in 1956, ZM and his American handlers blocked Democratic elections and with the introduction of such laws as the public meetings law which banned assembly and the bill for the protection of morality effectively Banning free speech and causing total censorship of press, ZM was now a full-fledged dictator in 1963. ZM refers to Ngo Dinh Diem. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge would Express his dismay at the inefficiency of Diem's internal Police service.

" Vietnam is not a thoroughly strong police state because unlike Hitler's Germany it is not efficient ". But don't think the American involvement was merely at an advisory level. DIem's special police was secretly managed by the CIA who did so through a contract with Michigan State University. Beginning in 1955, MSU spent 15 million dollars of U. S taxpayer money building up South Vietnam Security Services. In 1959, Diem passed the 1059 edict which made quote infringements on the National Security punishable by death with no appeal. By the end of the year, Diem and his secret police had imprisoned 50 000 to 100 000 people. Diem's forces would embark on Expeditions in the south in order to round up communist sympathizers and namely the vietmen. These expeditions were very very violent and between 1957 and 1961, nearly 70 000 people were killed giving Diem's secret police the fair categorization of a Latin american-style Death Squad. John F Kennedy saw a huge escalation of the war authorizing Napalm chemical weapons and in violation of troop limits set at Geneva thousands of new so-called advisors. By 1962 there were nearly 12 000 US troops in the country. The escalation was part of an effort to drive scores of Vietnamese into concentration camps or what the U. S military and to this day many historians and journalists call Strategic hamlets. The program had already been tried under CM who along with his many other failed Ventures had forcibly transferred 200 000 people into these camps with America's help. That number would jump to over 8 million. Upon arrival, civilians were made to dig ditches and wrap barbed wire around the perimeter of the camps and build a wall of sharpened bamboo stakes.
All this ostensibly to protect the villagers from the resistance who many of them supported and by forcibly uprooting the people from their ancestral homes, the program also created scores of new insurgents. A report on a strategic Hamlet from the U. S general Accounting Office concluded : " During our inspection we observed there were no latrines no usable wells, no classrooms and no medical facilities. The shelters were crudely constructed from a variety of waste material such as empty ammunition boxes and cardboard. The American Refugee advisor stated that there were no plans to improve the living conditions at this site. " These violent expeditions damaged their own cause. Same can be said for mass imprisonement. The so called hamlets became the symbol the the despised Diem's regime and were target in attacks by guerillas. Their prisoners freed leading the charge was a group calling itself the National Liberation Front and by dismantling the camps which by 1963 held 67 percent of the rural population. The NFL made gains and were approaching majotiry control of the countryside. The Viet Cong initially sought a non-violent political strategy. But following the introduction of Diem's concentration camps and 1059 edict, the guerillas mounted an organized widespread and popularly supported Rebellion. NFL's liberation army was organized into 2 principles groups of combattants : a main force organized into companies and battalions in standard army fashions. And irregular paramilitaries. These local forces were farmers by day and guerillas by night. They engaged combat wheere they had combat advantages.
A captured military document tells fighters to : " Carry out assassination missions right at the center to immobilize the enemy. rime targets should be security forces and civil action District officials Hooligans and thugs. Diem was seen by the US as too costly to keep so Diem was shot and stabbed by a military assassin inside of a car. By 1964 The Liberation Army had become capable of wiping out entire units of Saigon troops or about a hundred men but it wasn't often that they were able to take out entire battalions which numbered between 500 and 700 troops . In 1964 they managed to wipe out eight of them toward the end of the year the fighting escalated when NLF forces commenced a series of attacks on Saigon troops and in December they would wipe out two and a half battalions out of just 11.

A standard price for a month's survival was 10 000 rounds of ammunition a month. As in Irak, Vietnam became overflowry with weapons. But not from the weapon depots that were already here. It was the Americans who were supplying their enemy. Wilfred burchett who lived among Vietnamese Communists in South Vietnam for six months during the war described in detail the degree to which the Americans were supplying them : " We t hen one looked at a regular soldier of the front the extent of U. S gifts became even more impressive. "

Brigadier General Salve H Matheson said : " he biggest problem in fighting the enemy in Vietnam is finding him in order to fight him. " American planners could have used as precedent the futility of using such metrics as body counts and firepower tonnage of bombs to measure success in war. Of course even before the end of the war American planners knew that bombing wouldn't win the war. Defense secretary Clark Clifford admitted as much in 1969 that bombing by itself would not stop the war. We had already dropped a heavier tonnage of bombs than in all the theaters of World War II during 1967. An estimated 90 000 North Vietnamese had infiltrated into South Vietnam. In the opening of 1968, infiltrators were coming in at three to four times the rate of a year earlierDespite the ferocity and intensity of our bombing campaign, heavy firepower continued to be the grand strategy for all future American wars. The success of which would vary between ambiguous and outright catastrophic. Iraq and Afghanistan are no exception. Irak proved to have a boundless will to resist. And despite clobbering the country with unrelenting Firepower the Iraqis were never subdued. The Americans goals were never met and the Iraq Fiasco proved to be a massive and costly failure.The cleverness of the Iraqis also knew no bounds who had no Army to speak of by April of 2003 no Navy No Air Force no helicopters and by arming themselves with simple assault rifles machine guns rockets and mortars and by utilizing scraps of metal and electronics, they were able to outfit themselves into a formidable Force against all the odds stacked against them. Iraq was guerrilla War as was Vietnam In Robert B. Asprey's Mammoth history of Guerrilla warfare the author describes the mentality that the Americans were operating from
" Not understanding basic tenets of Guerrilla warfare American Senior officers converted fatalities into victories. This was a great mistake. Dead bodies do not mean destroyed infrastructure. Dead bodies particularly those of innocent peasants mean a strengthening not a weakening of the Insurgent cause. The colonial enemy of the Iraqis were the British in Vietnam the French. In their pacification campaign the French arrested nationalist leaders and executed them via Guillotine even displaying their severed heads publicly to terrorize would be revolutionaries. Many were imprisoned and shipped off to kundao a prison that would be maintained through the American occupation and would come to have a brutal reputation . Those imprisoned at kundao would form the early foundation of the Communist revolutionary movement and included multiple future Prime Ministers. When the United States took over from the French in 1954, they as had happened in Iraq nearly 50 years later would make a series of blunderous errors that by all means created a guerrilla Army that took up arms to fight them. After the French were defeated on the battlefield a Geneva conference split Vietnam in two and created the country of South Vietnam. It is no exaggeration to say that the country of South Vietnam was a creation of the United States. The U. S would even hand pick an exile named no denzim and import him directly from the United States. Despite the Geneva conference's guidelines for a national election to be held in 1956, ZM and his American handlers blocked Democratic elections and with the introduction of such laws as the public meetings law which banned assembly and the bill for the protection of morality effectively Banning free speech and causing total censorship of press, ZM was now a full-fledged dictator in 1963. ZM refers to Ngo Dinh Diem. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge would Express his dismay at the inefficiency of Diem's internal Police service.

" Vietnam is not a thoroughly strong police state because unlike Hitler's Germany it is not efficient ". But don't think the American involvement was merely at an advisory level. DIem's special police was secretly managed by the CIA who did so through a contract with Michigan State University. Beginning in 1955, MSU spent 15 million dollars of U. S taxpayer money building up South Vietnam Security Services. In 1959, Diem passed the 1059 edict which made quote infringements on the National Security punishable by death with no appeal. By the end of the year, Diem and his secret police had imprisoned 50 000 to 100 000 people. Diem's forces would embark on Expeditions in the south in order to round up communist sympathizers and namely the vietmen. These expeditions were very very violent and between 1957 and 1961, nearly 70 000 people were killed giving Diem's secret police the fair categorization of a Latin american-style Death Squad. John F Kennedy saw a huge escalation of the war authorizing Napalm chemical weapons and in violation of troop limits set at Geneva thousands of new so-called advisors. By 1962 there were nearly 12 000 US troops in the country. The escalation was part of an effort to drive scores of Vietnamese into concentration camps or what the U. S military and to this day many historians and journalists call Strategic hamlets. The program had already been tried under CM who along with his many other failed Ventures had forcibly transferred 200 000 people into these camps with America's help. That number would jump to over 8 million. Upon arrival, civilians were made to dig ditches and wrap barbed wire around the perimeter of the camps and build a wall of sharpened bamboo stakes.
All this ostensibly to protect the villagers from the resistance who many of them supported and by forcibly uprooting the people from their ancestral homes, the program also created scores of new insurgents. A report on a strategic Hamlet from the U. S general Accounting Office concluded : " During our inspection we observed there were no latrines no usable wells, no classrooms and no medical facilities. The shelters were crudely constructed from a variety of waste material such as empty ammunition boxes and cardboard. The American Refugee advisor stated that there were no plans to improve the living conditions at this site. " These violent expeditions damaged their own cause. Same can be said for mass imprisonement. The so called hamlets became the symbol the the despised Diem's regime and were target in attacks by guerillas. Their prisoners freed leading the charge was a group calling itself the National Liberation Front and by dismantling the camps which by 1963 held 67 percent of the rural population. The NFL made gains and were approaching majotiry control of the countryside. The Viet Cong initially sought a non-violent political strategy. But following the introduction of Diem's concentration camps and 1059 edict, the guerillas mounted an organized widespread and popularly supported Rebellion. NFL's liberation army was organized into 2 principles groups of combattants : a main force organized into companies and battalions in standard army fashions. And irregular paramilitaries. These local forces were farmers by day and guerillas by night. They engaged combat wheere they had combat advantages.
A captured military document tells fighters to : " Carry out assassination missions right at the center to immobilize the enemy. rime targets should be security forces and civil action District officials Hooligans and thugs. Diem was seen by the US as too costly to keep so Diem was shot and stabbed by a military assassin inside of a car. By 1964 The Liberation Army had become capable of wiping out entire units of Saigon troops or about a hundred men but it wasn't often that they were able to take out entire battalions which numbered between 500 and 700 troops . In 1964 they managed to wipe out eight of them toward the end of the year the fighting escalated when NLF forces commenced a series of attacks on Saigon troops and in December they would wipe out two and a half battalions out of just 11.

A standard price for a month's survival was 10 000 rounds of ammunition a month. As in Irak, Vietnam became overflowry with weapons. But not from the weapon depots that were already here. It was the Americans who were supplying their enemy. Wilfred burchett who lived among Vietnamese Communists in South Vietnam for six months during the war described in detail the degree to which the Americans were supplying them : " We t hen one looked at a regular soldier of the front the extent of U. S gifts became even more impressive. "